What is the function of the cuticle?

The function of the cuticle is primarily to act as nonliving tissue that is attached to the nail plate. This protective barrier serves to safeguard the underlying area of the nail where new growth occurs, often referred to as the matrix. The cuticle plays a significant role in preventing bacteria and other pathogens from entering the area beneath the nail, which is crucial for maintaining nail health and integrity.

While the cuticle can sometimes be confused with other nail anatomy structures, it is important to clarify that it is not the living skin covering the matrix area; that role belongs to the live tissue at the matrix itself. The cuticle is also not responsible for any sensory function or connection between bones, which are tasks designated to different anatomical structures within the body. Additionally, it does not cover the fingertip in relation to the free edge, as that description pertains to the skin surrounding the nail rather than the cuticle itself.