What is the term for the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones?

The correct term for the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones is anabolism. This biological process is essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues. Anabolism involves the synthesis of complex molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids from simpler precursors, which can include amino acids, nucleotides, simple sugars, and fatty acids.

Anabolic reactions typically require energy, which is often derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These processes are crucial in creating the necessary components for cellular functions, including the construction of new cellular structures and the storage of energy in the form of larger biomolecules.

In contrast, catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process. Metabolism encompasses both anabolism and catabolism as it refers to all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Cellular respiration specifically refers to the metabolic process where cells convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, often involving catabolic reactions to release energy.